Somnia 백서 전문

a wearable / equipable gadget which is quite different to something spawned on the ground. We’d likely define some base semantic categories that Entities can be, which will aid in game environments understanding in what context to use them, and how to spawn them in the world. ### **Practical Applications** The SOM1 Protocol can support a wide range of applications, from entertainment and gaming to education and virtual workspaces. Here are a few examples: 1. **Moderation and Classification:** The protocol can apply moderation and classification to each entity within the virtual world. Different providers using various methods like AI or peer-to-peer human classification can enforce moderation. Virtual experiences can then mandate the existence of a moderation component for any entity loaded into their world. 2. **Autonomous Objects:** Objects within SOM1 can have their addresses, making them "autonomous objects". These objects can interact in the virtual world just like any other user, opening the way for new interactive possibilities. 3. **Dynamic NFTs:** By extending existing NFTs the SOM1 protocol could enable them to have dynamically updatable metadata. This would allow the NFT to change over time giving in new characteristics and rarity. Imagine a tradable creature that evolves as a player uses it in an experience. The SOM1 Protocol brings the principles of blockchain and game design architecture together, enabling the creation of highly composable, interactive, and moddable virtual worlds. # Experiences ### Metaverses Metaverses are end user experiences where people can engage with each other in some form. This could be in an interactive game, a concert style experience or a formal meeting/workplace. The [MSquared project](https://msquared.io/) will be one of the major applications to be built on top of the Somnia chain and protocol. MSquared has already supported many high profile public events using its origin platform for partners such as Kosmopop (Twice), MLB and Edison. These projects are all on the MSquared Network and an ambition of the Somnia project is to use MSquared as a channel for rapid adoption of the protocol and blockchain, these projects are examples of the potential reach we could achieve. <table data-header-hidden><thead><tr><th width="332"></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/6i5iiYWQ8G4celESe_8EbCsczSOWy7tTC7JmbE-JW1Lw-1nG_3PTMFBQXoEggxR8RnhVZQzBiqKnYSQh5OpSiGLjjbGrOT6V-KZ4A8Ls4tkYluFjj_cXDYKVt_EYJjDHObEG9B0-TDJUtjOGG_wanw8" alt="" data-size="original"></td><td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3f92qSTe8Q">Welcome to Edison! - A Massive Scale Virtual Gaming Events Metaverse World!</a> Project Edison - Web3 gaming metaverse. Working with the famous web3 influencer Board Elon Musk Improbable is co-creating a web3 gaming metaverse. Events have varied from minecraft style crafting experiences to large scale races for crypto prizes. Attracting 100’s of consumers to each event and allowing people to be their web3 selves.</td></tr><tr><td><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/-1iA9iuxox_TKSuSsRnXEDeSWkaPOKki2_PVXjSXMdBI0oHkZySZoZN1YiqS7lDmBQyOcMK33ZmNGHaO7hW5LFPrryykPik-IDaoB7e0wKA0EYKieo60hM5xeVQu5eEImsXZQ0qAqn4_yI2m1iAdFP8" alt=""></td><td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqW5_aoA6uU&ab_channel=MSquared%28M%C2%B2%29">Kosmopop - Twice Virtual Listening Party</a>Kosmopop - Twice album launch event. Improbable partnered with Universal music to create an album launch event with Twice. Twice fans were able to listen to the new album and interact in a large virtual space.</td></tr><tr><td><img src="https://content.gitbook.com/content/kYErT9t3BJtpPfejLO6I/blobs/Q7pKIQN8TygCp46SBIvn/image.png" alt="" data-size="original"></td><td><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYuI1J5yEuM&t=6s">Victory League - The virtual home of football fandom</a>Victory league - A football focused metaverse. The virtual home of football fandom. Victory league hosts large scale events connecting football fans with influencers and their favourite stars. They have hosted soccer match watch events and meet and greats with football superstars.</td></tr><tr><td><img src="https://lh7-us.googleusercontent.com/VdyrgKyDaRxDm4_Omwpv_WW2UkddLNSs_Uicabw1c35Hh0m3oo0k5Sk_pn-0Cof2Je6inkehhMKnBORbjkpzYrgcIH9NXJTIgc4zK4bUNMPKgDnLQuewaErPbVhbitSpwiW29Vd7QIvswf2xTLWSa0M" alt=""></td><td><a href="https://www.improbable.io/news/improbable-builds-major-league-baseballs-new-virtual-ballpark-that-launches-during-the-mlb-all-star-celebrity-softball-game-presented-by-corona">Major League Baseball (MLB) - Virtual Ball Park</a>The virtual baseball metaverse with a virtual ballpark at the centre of it. Improbable has partnered with MLB to do several events. One of which created a digital replica of a baseball game in real-time allowing fans to be at the game virtually.</td></tr></tbody></table> [Other experiences](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZUg0gpyH3g) **Collections** Collections are NFT collections that import themselves onto the Somnia protocol. This will then allow them to be associated with interoperable objects/avatars which can be used across experiences. The range of types of collections is quite large but here are some examples: * PFP projects - BAYC, Pudgy penguins, Forgotten Runes * Existing metaverse collections - Sandbox, Decentraland collections * Placeable objects - Runestones, EtherRocks ### **Browser** The browser would be a universal front end which users can use to browse metaverses and mapps on the network. Somnia is building a first party browser, but we imagine a future with a competitive market where anyone can build a browser (similar to game distribution or web3 wallets). There is already a first browser that is part of the network called the [metaverse browser.](/ecosystem/experiences/metaverse-browser) ### **Profile Viewer** Profile viewers are a class of applications that allow users to view themselves, the items they own and their friends. These are similar to Steam accounts but based on on-chain data. We envision these would often be built into the metaverse browser but there could also be Mapps that browsers hook into. \ # Metaverse Browser <figure><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXcsbjKP0WrvarlldrJxZqpTMtk0RQA0sEHnB8PBLj2yZIEDLkJwjuA6RbcksarnZn9AoobhLoP99_zinNUpfmjhjX2-rZSWR6fNu16XSZZG3xAy4q6b2vDPO5dbpEQNOuJuluXvSQZdKh3A7CHmzhKW4VI?key=Pd6FhcOWiUEbzWyN_-YJmg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Engaging with blockchain applications can be a complex task, particularly for users unfamiliar with decentralised applications, web3 wallets, and the mechanics of a blockchain-based ecosystem. The Metaverse Browser aims to address the challenges of accessibility and usability. It's designed to simplify the process of navigating and participating in the Somnia ecosystem, making the application exploration more engaging and rewarding while also abstracting the complexities of blockchain technology for the end-user. This is similar to Warpcast in the Farcaster ecosystem. The browser is an easy-to-use front end (Warpcast) for the back-end protocol/chain (Farcaster/Optimism). The Metaverse Browser serves as a gamified gateway to the Somnia ecosystem and chain, offering a user-friendly interface for engaging with a variety of content and key decentralised applications (dApps). It provides an immersive, game-like experience with pre-bundled dApps, ensuring a cohesive and interactive journey within the Virtual Society. To facilitate seamless participation, the Metaverse Browser is equipped with a fully integrated web3 wallet, abstracted from the user, making digital transactions effortless. It also introduces a mobile-like "quest" system, rewarding users for their active participation in events, systems, and social activities, thereby enhancing user engagement within the Somnia ecosystem. # Somnia Playground <figure><img src="https://lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com/docsz/AD_4nXdDrk3LlDPkCKNP-BdNnf1TYLGceOZnBV5ywbj9T4SlUiBoRagTE6-lFu_wP0bqf5biGpTLGQDBo19sio_tFrZ5PZ1efTxQWkJ94__Y7XmN9Osc5oOYaKswlH7_OjI1iLrr26n9gs0MV2d9DUeOTEJGTZNG?key=Pd6FhcOWiUEbzWyN_-YJmg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The web-based Playground, is a feature that allows Content Creators to quickly and easily spin up web-hosted Virtual Society experiences in a “sandbox” environment. The Playground offers a suite of intuitive, web-based authoring tools that facilitate the rapid iteration and publishing of virtual experiences that interoperate with the Somnia Network. This allows Content Creators to test their ideas and creations without having to deploy them onto server infrastructure, thereby saving time and resources. From immersive virtual environments to interactive games and educational experiences, Playground provides a platform for Content Creators to experiment, innovate, and bring their unique visions to life. In addition to its utility for Content Creators, Playground also serves as a demonstration tool for the Somnia Network. Here, Network Participants can explore how the Protocols and infrastructure can be combined end-to-end to create a digital economy. An example of this is validating that a User owns an object and is only able to spawn it based on ownership (utilising the Object Protocol) or having a shop to sell items from the Marketplace Protocol. # Content Creation ### **Experience engine** Engines that enable metaverse experiences to be created. These could be rich interactive 3d experiences with 1000’s of people or smaller 2d web experiences. Example engines: | Service | Description | Use-case | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | | [MSquared Origin Platform](https://codex.msquared.io/technology/m2-morpheus-platform) | Unreal based platform for creating high-desntiy experiences. | Music and sporting events. Large scale gameplay. | | Open web engine ([Playcanvas](https://playcanvas.com/), Playground) | Open source web engines like 3js or the Playground. | Simple easy access experiences | | Self hosted server running [Unreal](https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US) or [Unity](https://unity.com/) | Hosted experience using Unreal or Unity | Any smaller scale multiplayer experience | ### Object creation Object creation is a very broad area. This could be an application that enables a user to create an avatar with a simple interface, it could be a rich 3d editor to create an object or some AI generative tool. The key element is the tool helps either a creator or a user create an object/avatar and creates an MML object at the end. Examples: | Service | Description | Use case | | ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | | [MML Editor](https://mmleditor.com/) | Web based enabling collaboration Can create anything | Web based enabling only certain levels of control | | [Meshy.ai](http://meshy.ai) | Generative AI tool means anyone can create object | Tool is early may not create correct item | ### Avatar creation Avatars are technically just another form of object, but we have broken out avatar creation into a separate bucket as we imagine there will be many tools/libraries specifically for the creation of avatars. Examples would include: | Service | Description | Use case | | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Avatrun](https://avaturn.me/) | Realistic 3d avatar creator | Creating avatars that look like you based on photos. | | [Ready Player Me](https://readyplayer.me/) | Create stylised personalized avatars | Creating more stylised avatars. | | MSquared Avatar Builder | Create stylised avatars compatible with M2 experiences | Creating random avatars guaranteed to work across M2 experiences | # Conclusion We believe in the vision of a world computer. A world where computing is accessible and usable by anyone with an internet connection, where data is shared across a global network that enables composable and interoperable applications. Ethereum started this movement and has provided the backbone for finance. We want to carry that flag for all application classes that can scale and compete with the large-scale web2 market while giving users and builders freedom, ownership and agency. A free and open internet. # Introduction <figure><img src="https://1819673643-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FhEUf5l6MCgn0iJsSVgmd%2Fuploads%2FnBp1qSVLwql9glGQx3yK%2FEkran%20Resmi%202026-05-22%2018.27.21.png?alt=media&token=0f581a66-1095-4b79-b0b0-33858778cc7b" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> *Disclaimer: This document is for informational purposes and does not constitute an offer to sell or solicitation to buy any tokens or to participate in any way in Somnia Network. The information provided is accurate to the best of Somnia Foundation’s knowledge as of August 22, 2025. However, future-looking statements involve uncertainties and actual outcomes may differ. Somnia Foundation undertakes to update the information herein as required by law or when materially necessary. Prospective and current participants and/or token holders should conduct their own research in addition to reviewing this disclosure. By participating in Somnia Network or holding SOMI tokens, you acknowledge and accept the risks outlined herein.* Somnia is a high-performance, cost-efficient EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain capable of processing over 1,000,000 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-second finality. It is suitable for serving millions of users and building real-time mass-consumer applications like games, social applications, metaverses, and more, all fully on-chain. The Somnia blockchain has achieved 1.05m TPS (ERC-20 swaps) running over 100 nodes distributed globally. During these benchmarks Somnia also achieved 50k uniswaps per second (across one pool) and 300k NFT mints per seconds (one NFT contract). These workloads we do not believe would be achievable by parallel EVM approaches. Somnia has four key innovations in blockchain architecture to achieve this performance level: * [Accelerated Sequential Execution](/concepts/somnia-blockchain/accelerated-sequential-execution) - through compiled EVM bytecode. * [IceDB](/concepts/somnia-blockchain/somnias-icedb) - a faster, more predictable database for storing blockchain state. * [MultiStream consensus](/concepts/somnia-blockchain/multistream-consensus) - a proof-of-stake, partially synchronous BFT protocol inspired by [Autobahn BFT](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.10369). * [Advanced compression techniques](/concepts/somnia-blockchain/advanced-compression-techniques) - to deal with increased node-to-node data traffic due to the throughput. Somnia is supported by [Improbable](https://www.improbable.io/) and [MSquared](https://msquared.io/). Improbable will develop some of the key technical components of Somnia, including the Blockchain, but the project will require a large and active community to fulfil its vision. The Somnia token SOMI is issued by the Somnia Token Co Ltd. # Somnia-Mission To enable mass consumer real-time applications to be built at web2 scale with web3 properties, creating a more open, equitable internet. ### Key Objectives * Applications that can scale to web2 usage levels (millions of CCU, 100,000’s of transactions per second) * Open censorship-resistant systems accessible to anyone with access to the internet * No one counterparty controlling and hoarding value * Composable systems where value is shared among the participants * Free movement of people and assets between platforms so creators and users have freedom of choice A more open and equitable world. ### Core Principles #### On-Chain Experiences We are committed to building technology to make fully on-chain, real-time mass-scale applications possible and practical. We believe this is essential for creating a composable, open internet. #### Multiverse over Monolith We believe in a collection of applications, each with distinct, interconnected experiences, much like countries within a global community, sharing utilities that enhance mutual growth. #### Empowering Composability Central to our vision is the principle of composability—the ability for builders to build upon each other’s work, creating a culture of collaboration in which the collective output surpasses the sum of its parts. #### Builder Empowerment We will empower builders with the freedom to build sustainable models of engagement and ownership. This includes safeguarding the rights to digital assets and creating an environment where innovation is not stifled by platform constraints. #### Accessibility for All The promise of the virtual society is in its potential for universal access, removing barriers for content creation and participation. Leveling the playing field such that anyone with an internet connection can participate and succeed. # Problem Web3 has created a new era of decentralised finance, democratising financial access. However, it has fallen short in generating mass consumer applications and remains largely centred around finance. We believe blockchain technology is a cornerstone for the future of new, open Internet applications. Today, there are limits to what you can build on-chain. Many factors constrain this, from the cost of running applications to the fundamental performance limitations of existing blockchains. We believe that new technologies can unlock a new class of real-time applications that normally must be built on Web2 foundations. Enabling these systems to be built on-chain will allow the free movement of businesses and users between online platforms, creating what we call a true virtual society. We are building Somnia, a fast and cost-effective EVM-based blockchain, to achieve this. Somnia is a layer-one blockchain with full EVM compatibility, capable of processing over 1,000,000 transactions per second with sub-second finality and low fees. This will unlock a new wave of on-chain applications. Initially, we are focusing on gaming, metaverse, and social experiences. The use cases will likely extend far beyond these sectors. We are not even 100% certain of what can be built with the technology we are creating. ## The Current State Although many blockchains support the EVM bytecode standard, they all leave much to be desired from a throughput perspective. Below are transactions per second (TPS) figures for a typical UniswapV3 transaction (Dex swaps per second (DPS)), which is 130k gas. As you can see, most chains offer up to \~200 DPS, or \~20M DPS per day. These numbers were taken from [this article](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581): | | Average DPS | Max DPS | Finality | | ----------- | ----------- | ------- | -------- | | ETH | 9.19 | 18.38 | 66s | | Polygon | 47.67 | 95.33 | Variable | | AVAX | 31.65 | 175.68 | 3.7s | | BNB | 194.6 | 194.6 | 75s | These are somewhat similar to real world observed numbers ([taken from Chaininspect](https://chainspect.app/dashboard)). Note that Uniswaps are a more complex user interaction and are composed of many transactions. Thus these numbers will be higher than above. | Name | Max Recorded TPS | Block Time | Time to finality | | --------- | ---------------- | ---------- | ---------------- | | Base | 293 | 2s | 16m | | BNB Chain | 1731 | 3s | 7.5s | | Polygon | 429 | 2.22s | 4m 16s