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r mnemonics required. Underpinned by social recovery and decentralized guardian design, Portkey safeguards users' assets from centralized control and theft. Portkey has a unique payment delegation mechanism which enables interested parties to function as delegatees to pay for user activities on users' behalf. This means that users can create accounts for free and fees for other usages may also be covered in Portkey. Portkey also provides crypto on/off-ramp services, allowing users to exchange fiat with crypto freely. It supports the storage and management of various digital assets such as tokens, NFTs, etc. The compatibility with multi-chains and seamless connection to all kinds of DApps makes Portkey a great way to enter the world of Web3. With DID solution as its core, Portkey provides both Portkey Wallet and Portkey SDKs. For more information, you may visit the official documentation for Portkey at https://doc.portkey.finance/ . Download the Chrome extension for Portkey from https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/portkey-wallet/iglbgmakmggfkoidiagnhknlndljlolb . info The Portkey extension supports Chrome browser only (for now). Please ensure that you are using Chrome browser. You may download Chrome from https://www.google.com/intl/en_sg/chrome/ . Once you have downloaded the extension, you should see the following on your browser as shown below. Click on Get Start and you should see the following interface as shown below. Sign up Switch to aelf Testnet network by selecting it: danger Please make sure you are using aelf Testnet in order to be able to receive your testnet tokens from the Faucet. Proceed to sign up with a Google Account or your preferred login method and complete the necessary accounts creation prompts and you should observe the following interface once you have signed up. With that, you have successfully created your very first Portkey wallet within seconds. How easy was that? info It is highly recommended to pin the Portkey wallet extension for easier access and navigation to your Portkey wallet! Next, click on ‘Open Portkey’ and you should now observe the following as shown below. Connect Portkey Wallet Click on "Connect Wallet" to connect your Portkey wallet. The button will change to "Your Wallet Address" when the connection is successful. Start The Game Click on "Start The Game" button to Start The Tic Tac Toe Game. You will receive a transaction request on your portkey wallet to Sign the transaction. Click on Sign the transaction. After the transaction is successfully processed, your game will start ✅. As we have Started the Game successfully, let's start to perform the moves and enjoy the game. Perform the Move Let's start to make the moves and play the game. tip Your first move will always be "X" as shown in the picture below. Click on the first square of the board, as shown in the picture below. You will receive a transaction request on your Portkey wallet to Sign for making the move. After the transaction is successfully processed, your first move will be submitted to blockchain ✅. Now it's turn of move by the opponent and the move sign will change from "X" to "O" . Your active turn is "O" now, as shown in the picture below. Click on the middle square of the board for "O" , as shown in the picture below. You will receive a transaction request on your Portkey wallet to Sign for the second move. Click on Sign the transaction. After the transaction is successfully processed, your second move will be submitted to the blockchain ✅. Now you can continue making other moves as demonstrated above. After winning the game, you will see this winning screen with the corresponding move ( X or O ). Click on the Start Again button to continue playing the Tic-Tac-Toe game with aelf blockchain. Enjoy! You will be redirected again to the Welcome screen of the Game. success 🎉 Congratulations Learners! You have successfully built your Tic-Tac-Toe dApp with aelf Blockchain. 🎯 Conclusion 🎉 Congratulations on successfully completing the Tic Tac Toe dApp tutorial! 🎉 You've achieved significant milestones, from setting up your development environment to deploying and interacting with your Tic-Tac-Toe smart contract on the aelf blockchain. 🌟 📚 What You've Learned Throughout this tutorial, you've mastered: 🛠️ Setting Up Your Development Environment: You equipped your workspace by installing and configuring all the necessary tools to get your smart contract project off the ground. 💻 Developing Your Smart Contract: You built the core logic of your Tic Tac Toe game, writing and compiling the smart contract that manages game states, moves, and outcomes. 🚀 Deploying the Smart Contract: You successfully deployed your Tic Tac Toe smart contract to the aelf blockchain, making it live and ready for gameplay. 🔧 Interacting with Your Deployed Smart Contract through the dApp: You connected your frontend to the blockchain, configured the Portkey provider, and implemented essential functions like wallet connectivity, game initialization, and move management. 🔍 Final Output By now, you should have: 📜 A deployed Tic-Tac-Toe smart contract that governs the game's rules and manages players' moves on the blockchain. 💻 A fully functional Tic-Tac-Toe dApp, allowing users to connect their wallets, start a game, make moves, and determine the winner, all in a decentralized manner. ➡️ What's Next? With the foundation laid, consider advancing your Tic-Tac-Toe dApp with more sophisticated features: 📈 Enhancing Game Logic: Add more features like AI opponents, multiplayer functionality, or scoring systems to make the game more engaging. 🔒 Improving Security: Secure your game by applying best practices in smart contract security to protect users' data and gameplay integrity. 🌍 Exploring Cross-Chain Capabilities: Expand your dApp’s reach by exploring aelf’s cross-chain interoperability, enabling interactions with other blockchains. Blockchain technology and decentralized applications offer limitless possibilities. With your Tic-Tac-Toe dApp, you're now poised to continue innovating and exploring new horizons with aelf. 🚀 Happy coding and expanding your Tic-Tac-Toe dApp! 😊 Step 1 - Setting up your development environment Step 2 - Develop Smart Contract Start Your Smart Contract Project Adding Your Smart Contract Code Building Smart Contract Step 3 - Deploy Smart Contract Step 4 - Interact with Your Deployed Smart Contract through dApp Project Setup Configure Portkey Provider & Write Connect Wallet Function Configure Connect Wallet Function Check Contract Initialization Initialize Contract Fetch Game Status Fetch Board Data Start Game Perform the Move Run Application 🎯 Conclusion ## /quick-start/developers/expense-tracker On this page Description : The Expense Tracker dApp is a decentralized application that enables users to manage and monitor their personal finances on the aelf blockchain. It provides a user-friendly interface for recording expenses, categorizing them, and tracking spending habits, with all data securely stored and verified on the aelf blockchain. Purpose : The purpose of the Expense Tracker dApp is to showcase the integration of personal finance management with blockchain technology, offering enhanced transparency and security for users' financial data. It serves as a practical example of decentralized applications in everyday use cases, while also providing a learning platform for smart contract development and blockchain-based financial solutions. Difficulty Level : Moderate Step 1 - Setting up your development environment Local Codespaces Basic knowledge of terminal commands IDE - Install VS Code Note for Apple Silicon users: Ensure that Rosetta is installed, if it is not, use the following command: Terminal softwareupdate --install-rosetta Install Required Packages Install dotnet 8.0.x SDK Install aelf contract templates Linux and macOs Windows Terminal dotnet new --install AElf.ContractTemplates Command Prompt dotnet new install AElf.ContractTemplates AELF.ContractTemplates contains various predefined templates for the ease of developing smart contracts on the aelf blockchain. Install aelf deploy tool Terminal dotnet tool install --global aelf.deploy aelf.deploy is a utility tool for deploying smart contracts on the aelf blockchain. Please remember to export PATH after installing aelf.deploy. info ℹ️ Note: If you have installed aelf.deploy and your terminal says that there is no such command available, please uninstall and install aelf.deploy. Install Node.js and Yarn Install Node.js Install Yarn Install aelf-command Linux and macOs Windows Terminal sudo npm i -g aelf-command Command Prompt npm i -g aelf-command aelf-command is a CLI tool for interacting with the aelf blockchain, enabling tasks like creating wallets and managing transactions. Provide required permissions while installing aelf-command globally. Visit aelf-devcontainer-template . Click the Use this template button. Choose Create a new repository . Enter a suitable repository name. Click Create repository . Within the GitHub interface of your new repository, click on Code . Select Codespaces . Click on the + sign to create a new Codespace. After some time, your workspace will load with the contents of the repository. You can now continue your development using GitHub Codespaces. Step 2 - Develop Smart Contract Start Your Smart Contract Project Open your Terminal . Enter the following command to generate a new project: Terminal mkdir expense-tracker-dapp cd expense-tracker-dapp dotnet new aelf -n ExpenseTracker Adding Your Smart Contract Code Now that we have a template Expense Tracker project, we can customise the template to incorporate our own contract logic. Let's start by implementing methods to handle the basic functionality of adding an expense, updating a selected expense, deleting a selected expense, list all the expenses, and retrieves the details of a specific expense within the contract state. Expense tracker dApp includes the below functionalities like: AddExpense: Adds a new expense to the contract state. UpdateExpense: Updates an existing expense’s details such as description, category, amount, and currency. DeleteExpense: Deletes an expense based on the given expense ID. ListExpenses: Lists all expenses associated with a specific owner. GetExpense: Retrieves the details of a specific expense based on the provided expense ID. Enter this command in your Terminal . Terminal cd src Defining Methods and Messages Rename the proto file name hello_world_contract.proto inside folder Protobuf/contract/ to expense_tracker.proto : Terminal mv Protobuf/contract/hello_world_contract.proto Protobuf/contract/expense_tracker.proto The .proto file defines the structure and serialization of data, ensuring consistent communication and data exchange between the contract and external systems. Open the project with your IDE. The implementation of expense_tracker.proto file inside folder src/Protobuf/contract/ is as follows: expense_tracker.proto syntax = "proto3" ; import "aelf/options.proto" ; import "google/protobuf/empty.proto" ; import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto" ; import "Protobuf/reference/acs12.proto" ; // The namespace of this class option csharp_namespace = "AElf.Contracts.ExpenseTracker" ; service ExpenseTracker { option ( aelf . csharp_state ) = "AElf.Contracts.ExpenseTracker.ExpenseTrackerState" ; option ( aelf . base ) = "Protobuf/reference/acs12.proto" ; rpc Initialize ( google . protobuf . Empty ) returns ( google . protobuf . Empty ) { } rpc AddExpense ( ExpenseInput ) returns ( google . protobuf . StringValue ) { } rpc UpdateExpense ( ExpenseUpdateInput ) returns ( google . protobuf . Empty ) { } rpc DeleteExpense ( google . protobuf . StringValue ) returns ( google . protobuf . Empty ) { } rpc ListExpenses ( google . protobuf . StringValue ) returns ( ExpenseList ) { option ( aelf . is_view ) = true ; } rpc GetExpense ( google . protobuf . StringValue ) returns ( Expense ) { option ( aelf . is_view ) = true ; } rpc GetInitialStatus ( google . protobuf . Empty ) returns ( google . protobuf . BoolValue ) { option ( aelf . is_view ) = true ; } } message Expense { string expense_id = 1 ; string description = 2 ; string category = 3 ; int64 amount = 4 ; // Store as cents string currency = 5 ; string owner = 6 ; int64 created_at = 7 ; int64 updated_at = 8 ; } message ExpenseInput { string description = 1 ; string category = 2 ; int64 amount = 3 ; // Store as cents string currency = 4 ; } message ExpenseUpdateInput { string expense_id = 1 ; string description = 2 ; string category = 3 ; int64 amount = 4 ; // Store as cents string currency = 5 ; } message ExpenseList { repeated Expense expenses = 1 ; } rpc methods define the callable functions within the contract, allowing external systems to interact with the contract's logic. message represent the structured data exchanged between the contract and external systems. Define Contract States The implementation of the Expense Tracker smart contract state inside file src/ExpenseTrackerState.cs is as follows: src/ExpenseTrackerState.cs using AElf . Sdk . CSharp . State ; using AElf . Types ; namespace AElf . Contracts . ExpenseTracker { public class ExpenseTrackerState : ContractState { public BoolState Initialized { get ; set ; } public SingletonState < Address > Owner { get ; set ; } public MappedState < string , Expense > Expenses { get ; set ; } // Mapping of expense ID to Expense public MappedState < string , bool > ExpenseExistence { get ; set ; } // Mapping to track expense existence public StringState ExpenseIds { get ; set ; } // Concatenated string of expense IDs public Int32State ExpenseCounter { get ; set ; } // Counter for generating unique IDs } } The State.cs file in the aelf blockchain smart contract holds the variables that store the contract's data, making sure this data is saved and accessible whenever the contract needs it. Implement Expense Tracker Smart Contract The implementation of the Expense Tracker smart contract inside file src/ExpenseTracker.cs is as follows: src/ExpenseTracker.cs using Google . Protobuf . WellKnownTypes ; using System . Collections . Generic ; namespace AElf . Contracts . ExpenseTracker { public class ExpenseTracker : ExpenseTrackerContainer . ExpenseTrackerBase { public override Empty Initialize ( Empty input ) { if ( State . Initialized . Value ) { return new Empty ( ) ; } State . Initialized . Value = true ; State . Owner . Value = Context . Sender ; State . ExpenseIds . Value = "" ; State . ExpenseCounter . Value = 0 ; return new Empty ( ) ; } public override StringValue AddExpense ( ExpenseInput input ) { if ( ! State . Initialized . Value ) { return new StringValue { Value = "Contract not initialized." } ; } var expenseId = ( State . ExpenseCounter . Value + 1 ) . ToString ( ) ; State . ExpenseCounter . Value ++ ; var timestamp = Context . CurrentBlockTime . Seconds ; State . Expenses [ expenseId ] = new Expense { ExpenseId = expenseId , Description = input . Description , Category = input . Category , Amount = input . Amount , // Now using int64 for amount Currency = input . Currency , CreatedAt = timestamp , UpdatedAt = timestamp , Owner = Context . Sender . ToString ( ) . Trim ( '"' ) , } ; State . ExpenseExistence [ expenseId ] = true ; var existingExpenseIds = State . ExpenseIds . Value ; existingExpenseIds += string . IsNullOrEmpty ( existingExpenseIds ) ? expenseId : $", { expenseId } " ; State . ExpenseIds . Value = existingExpenseIds ; return new StringValue { Value = expenseId } ; } public override Empty UpdateExpense ( ExpenseUpdateInput input ) { var expense = State . Expenses [ input . ExpenseId ] ; if ( expense == null ) { return new Empty ( ) ; // Handle case if expense doesn't exist } expense . Description = input . Description ?? expense . Description ; expense . Category = input . Category ?? expense . Category ; expense . Amount = input . Amount != 0 ? input . Amount : expense . Amount ; // Now using int64 for amount expense . Currency = input . Currency ?? expense . Currency ; expense . UpdatedAt = Context . CurrentBlockTime . Seconds ; State . Expenses [ input . ExpenseId ] = expense ; return new Empty ( ) ; } public override Empty DeleteExpense ( StringValue input ) { State . Expenses . Remove ( input . Value ) ; State . ExpenseExistence . Remove ( input . Value ) ; var existingExpenseIds = State . ExpenseIds . Value . Split ( ',' ) ; var newExpenseIds = new List < string > ( existingExpenseIds . Length ) ; foreach ( var expenseId in existingExpenseIds ) { if ( expenseId != input . Value ) { newExpenseIds . Add ( expenseId ) ; } } State . ExpenseIds . Value = string . Join ( "," , newExpenseIds ) ; return new Empty ( ) ; } public override ExpenseList ListExpenses ( StringValue input ) { var owner = input . Value ; // Get the owner value from the input var expenseList = new ExpenseList ( ) ; var expenseIds = State . ExpenseIds . Value . Split ( ',' ) ; foreach ( var expenseId in expenseIds ) { var expense = State . Expenses [ expenseId ] ; if ( expense != null && expense . Owner == owner ) // Filter expenses by owner { expenseList . Expenses . Add ( expense ) ; } } return expenseList ; } public override Expense GetExpense ( StringValue input ) { var expense = State . Expenses [ input . Value ] ; if ( expense == null ) { return new Expense { ExpenseId = input . Value , Description = "Expense not found." } ; } return expense ; } public override BoolValue GetInitialStatus ( Empty input ) { return new BoolValue { Value = State . Initialized . Value } ; } } } Building Smart Contract Build the smart contract code with the following command inside src folder: Terminal dotnet build You should see ExpenseTracker.dll.patched in the directory ExpenseTracker/src/bin/Debug/net.6.0 Step 3 - Deploy Smart Contract Create A Wallet To send transactions on the aelf blockchain, you must have a wallet. Run this command to create aelf wallet. Terminal aelf-command create You will be prompted to save your account, please do save your account as shown below: Terminal ? Save account info into a file? ( Y/n ) Y Make sure to choose Y to save your account information. tip ℹ️ Note: If you do not save your account information (by selecting n or N), do not export the wallet password. Only proceed to the next step if you have saved your account information. Next, enter and confirm your password. Then export your wallet password as shown below: Linux and macOs Windows Terminal export WALLET_PASSWORD = "YOUR_WALLET_PASSWORD" Command Prompt $env :WALLET_PASSWORD = "YOUR_WALLET_PASSWORD" Acquire Testnet Tokens (Faucet) for Development To deploy smart contracts or execute on-chain transactions on aelf, you'll require testnet ELF tokens. Get ELF Tokens Go to https://faucet-ui.aelf.dev Enter your address and click Get Tokens . Deploy Smart Contract: The smart contract needs to be deployed on the chain before users can interact with it. Run the following command to deploy a contract. Remember to export the path of ExpenseTracker.dll.patched to CONTRACT_PATH. Linux and macOs Windows Terminal export CONTRACT_PATH = $( find ~+ . -path "*patched*" | head -n 1 ) Terminal ael